I was trying to figure out how to seed my PostgreSQL database in my dockerized application. It’s actually very straightforward. You can simply put all your *.sql  file inside /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/.
In my docker-compose.yml, I linked my db/seed.sql file inside my docker PostgreSQL image through the volumes tag. It looks like this:
postgres:
  image: postgres:latest
  volumes_from:
    - data
  volumes:
    - ./db/seed.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/seed.sql
  ports:
    - "5432:5432"
  env_file: .env
The file seed.sql is then used to populate PostgreSQL.
Docs here.